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Genetic Engineering its meaning and applications
Genetic Engineering its meaning and applications.
By Prof Ghulam Mohyuddin wani
Genetic Engineering can be defined as the modification of genetic material by human manipulation. These modifications are such as not to occur naturally. It does not include the routine known natural ways of animal or plant breeding or mutagenesis. It involves the incorporation of DNA through DNA/RNA Hybridization.
The techniques known as DNA recombinant techniques are used to achieve these agnatic manipulations. The routine techniques of IVF in vitro-fertilization are not included in the genetic engineering as it involves the union of gametes outside uterus and not incorporation or injection of DNA OR RNA.For the first time genetic engineering of bacteria was used in 1973.The mice was genetic engineering model was evolved in 1974.The insulin producing bacteria through genetic modification was commercialized in 1982.The genetically modified foods called( GM FOODS) are in operation since 1994.A row of legal and ethical questions are roaming the horizon of GM foods since then. The GM rice has so far the highest productivity per hectare. Sometimes we have to choose GM FOODS to conquer the hunger of the world.
I feel the GM foods may not be as natural as normally grow foods, but then limiting land resources; soil degradation, water shortages and growing population are the compelling forces to stimulate GM food production. Thus it is time to find out any defects within GM foods to overcome them. Their use in future seems to be a generation gap as for anything new in any generation. The GE (genetic engineering) TECHNIQUE. Principle. It involves the introduction of new genetic material in the form DNA/RNA in the host genome. Thus a foreign genetic material is inserted into the host, so as to bring a change gene expression in the offspring, akin to the inserted gene.
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